An overview of Peri-Implant Soft Tissues Dehiscence (PSTD): A Narrative Review
 
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1
Department of Dental Science, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Malaysia
 
2
Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Malaysia
 
 
Submission date: 2026-01-23
 
 
Final revision date: 2026-08-17
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-08-22
 
 
Publication date: 2026-09-30
 
 
Corresponding author
Ahmad Fakrurrozi Mohamad   

Department of Dental Science, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Malaysia
 
 
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(9):2245-2254
 
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ABSTRACT
Aim: The review is designed to synthesize current evidence to magnify understanding and management of Peri-Implant Soft Tissue Dehiscence (PSTD) in implant dentistry. Methodology: A structured narrative review was conducted by systematically searching Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for literature published between 2000 and 2025. Related studies were identified using keywords related to PSTD, with emphasis on etiology, clinical presentation, assessment method classification, and treatment approaches. Results: The review identified various etiological factors contributing to PSTD, including thin keratinized mucosa, poor oral hygiene, and improper implant positioning. The clinical features of PSTD primarily include recession of peri-implant keratinized tissue and mucosal margin with exposure of implant components, negatively affecting aesthetic and potentially leading to peri-implant disease. Accordingly, a range of assessment methods was outlined in the literature, including clinical indices, photographic analysis, and advanced imaging techniques. Notably, current studies emphasize the use of a classification system that considers tissue thickness, recession depth, and tissue quality. Several surgical and non-surgical techniques were also discussed, with soft-tissue grafting emerging as the most effective intervention for correcting PSTD. Conclusion: In implant dentistry, peri-implant soft-tissue dehiscence poses serious biological and aesthetic challenges. Successful care depends on a precise diagnosis made using clinical and imaging techniques, as well as on preventive measures and soft-tissue augmentation. Although connective tissue grafting remains the most predictable strategy, further research is needed to refine categorization schemes and develop less invasive methods to improve patient outcomes and long-term stability.
eISSN:2719-342X
ISSN:0043-5147
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