Aim: To conduct a comparative analysis of stress resilience indicators in future law enforcement officers of different genders during their professional training. Materials and Methods: The research, conducted in 2025-2026, involved 134 cadets (71 men, 63 women) in their fourth training year and majoring in the “Law Enforcement” program. Three methods were used to assess the cadets’ stress resilience: the Reactive Anxiety Scale, the Method for Assessing Neuro- Emotional Tension, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Results: It has been established that female cadets exhibit lower levels of stress resilience across all measured indicators (anxiety levels, neuro-emotional tension, and stress) compared to male cadets. At the same time, the greater the impact of stress factors in professional activities, the more pronounced the difference in indicators becomes. After the field placement in practical police units, female cadets were found to have significantly (p ≤ 0.05–0.01) worse indicators than those of male cadets in reactive anxiety (by 4.4 points), neuro-emotional tension (by 4.8 points), and stress (by 3.9 points). Conclusions: The results of the research should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive and corrective programs, as well as when conducting counseling and educational-psychological activities among law enforcement cadets, thereby enhancing their stress resilience and strengthening their psychophysical health.