Correlation of Serum Tumor Markers (CEA and CA15-3) with Clinicopathological Features in Breast Cancer Patients in Iraq
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq
2
Department of clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
Publication date: 2026-07-30
Corresponding author
Rawaa Behlul
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Kufa, Iraq
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(7):1522-1528
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aim:
Aims: This research is aimed at looking into the relationship between the levels of the markers and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients in Iraq.
Material and methods:
Methods: The study population consisted of 150 breast cancer patients in a cross-sectional correlation study. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected including molecular subtypes, tumor staging and grading. The serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 were determined and the results correlated with patient characteristics. The statistical methods employed were ANOVA, t-tests, and Pearson correlation.
Results:
Results: Out of the total patients, 98.5% were females, 52.9% were over 50 years of age and 79.6% were married. The Luminal types were the most frequent (Luminal A: 50.0%, Luminal B: 28.3%) while the triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes were the least common. There was an increase in serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in advanced tumor stage and high grade cancer, a significant difference in CA15-3 levels between the age groups (p=0.010). The marker levels varied according to the molecular subtypes with Luminal A demonstrating a greater CEA and Luminal B showing a higher CA15-3.
Conclusions:
Conclusion: The levels of serum CEA and CA15-3 are indicative of the breast cancer patients’ tumor stage, grade, and molecular subtype. The regular monitoring of these markers may provide better understanding of the disease progress and help in the formulation of patient-specific management plans.
Aims: This research is aimed at looking into the relationship between the levels of the markers and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients in Iraq.
Material and methods:
Methods: The study population consisted of 150 breast cancer patients in a cross-sectional correlation study. Demographic, clinical, and pathological data were collected including molecular subtypes, tumor staging and grading. The serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 were determined and the results correlated with patient characteristics. The statistical methods employed were ANOVA, t-tests, and Pearson correlation.
Results:
Results: Out of the total patients, 98.5% were females, 52.9% were over 50 years of age and 79.6% were married. The Luminal types were the most frequent (Luminal A: 50.0%, Luminal B: 28.3%) while the triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes were the least common. There was an increase in serum levels of CEA and CA15-3 in advanced tumor stage and high grade cancer, a significant difference in CA15-3 levels between the age groups (p=0.010). The marker levels varied according to the molecular subtypes with Luminal A demonstrating a greater CEA and Luminal B showing a higher CA15-3.
Conclusions:
Conclusion: The levels of serum CEA and CA15-3 are indicative of the breast cancer patients’ tumor stage, grade, and molecular subtype. The regular monitoring of these markers may provide better understanding of the disease progress and help in the formulation of patient-specific management plans.
| eISSN: | 2719-342X |
| ISSN: | 0043-5147 |
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