Aim: To study biochemical markers of brain tissue damage, the levels of which could be used to assess the degree of damage to the nervous tissue and predict the course and outcome of the disease. Materials and Methods: There were 38 patients in the acute period and 33 in the remote period of MBT were examined. The patients’ complaints, levels of brain-specific proteins S-100β, BDNF and inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukins IL-8 and IL-10 were studied in detail. Results: The study of complaints showed their similarity in both the acute and remote periods, apart from an increase in the number of patients with meteorological sensitivity. An increase in S-100β levels and a decrease in BDNF levels indicate a slowdown in the rate of recovery processes in this category of patients and a deterioration in brain plasticity processes. An increase in IL-8 and IL-10 levels indicates further progression of the disease. Conclusions: The study of these biomarkers contributes to the prognosis and course of the consequences of mine-blast trauma and the choice of therapeutic agents in treatment.