Determinants of glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in three care centers of the Changing Diabetes in Children (CDiC) program in the northern regions of Cameroon
1
Garoua, région du Nord, Hôpital Général Garoua, Cameroon
2
- Head of Pediatrics Department, General Hospital of Garoua
- Head of the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua (Cameroon)
- Lecturer - Researcher in Pediatrics, Hôpital Général Garoua, Cameroon
3
- Internal Medicine Department, Endocrinology Unit, General Hospital of Garoua
- Lecturer-Researcher, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua (Cameroon), Hôpital Général Garoua, Cameroon
4
Pediatrics Department, Changing Diabetes in Children Unit, Hôpital Régional Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
5
Pediatrics Department, Changing Diabetes in Children Unit, Hospital Regional Garoua, Cameroon
6
Pediatrics Department, Changing Diabetes in Children Unit
- Lecturer-Researcher, Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopoeia, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua (Cameroon), Hôpital Régional Maroua, Cameroon
7
Service Gynecologie - Obstetrique, Centre Hospitalier Regional Garoua, Cameroon
8
- Head of the Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Ebolowa
- Full Professor of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon
Publication date: 2026-07-30
Corresponding author
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(7):1480-1492
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aim:
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the leading endocrine disorder in children and adolescents. Glycemic control is critical to prevent complications, yet data from Cameroon remain scarce. This study assessed determinants of glycemic control in T1D patients across northern Cameroon
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study included 100 T1D children/adolescents from three CDiC program centers (Nov 2016–Mar 2017). Data were analyzed using Epi-info™ 7.2 and SPSS™ 20.0. Glycemic control was evaluated via HbA1c; p < 0.05 was significant.
Results:
Participants (73% male, mean age 16.6 ± 2.5 years) had median HbA1c of 10.08 [8.7–11.63], with only 19% achieving targets. Bivariate analysis linked control to: Adamaoua region (OR=0.21, p=0.003), female sex (OR=0.42, p=0.09), proximity to clinic (OR=4.4, p=0.04), and diabetes duration <2 years (OR=2.90, p=0.03). Multivariate regression identified Adamaoua region, >2 daily insulin injections, proximity <20 km, <3 hypoglycemia episodes/6 months, diabetes duration <2 years, and >3 education sessions as predictors of better control.
Conclusions:
Most patients had poor glycemic control. Key modifiable factors included therapeutic education and clinic accessibility. Expanding care centers and reinforcing education could optimize outcomes.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the leading endocrine disorder in children and adolescents. Glycemic control is critical to prevent complications, yet data from Cameroon remain scarce. This study assessed determinants of glycemic control in T1D patients across northern Cameroon
Material and methods:
A cross-sectional study included 100 T1D children/adolescents from three CDiC program centers (Nov 2016–Mar 2017). Data were analyzed using Epi-info™ 7.2 and SPSS™ 20.0. Glycemic control was evaluated via HbA1c; p < 0.05 was significant.
Results:
Participants (73% male, mean age 16.6 ± 2.5 years) had median HbA1c of 10.08 [8.7–11.63], with only 19% achieving targets. Bivariate analysis linked control to: Adamaoua region (OR=0.21, p=0.003), female sex (OR=0.42, p=0.09), proximity to clinic (OR=4.4, p=0.04), and diabetes duration <2 years (OR=2.90, p=0.03). Multivariate regression identified Adamaoua region, >2 daily insulin injections, proximity <20 km, <3 hypoglycemia episodes/6 months, diabetes duration <2 years, and >3 education sessions as predictors of better control.
Conclusions:
Most patients had poor glycemic control. Key modifiable factors included therapeutic education and clinic accessibility. Expanding care centers and reinforcing education could optimize outcomes.
| eISSN: | 2719-342X |
| ISSN: | 0043-5147 |
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