Decline Zyxin and CALLY index as predictors of cardiovascular diseases in Patients with T2DM
1
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq
2
Chemistry Department, , Najaf Central Preparatory School for Boys, Ministry of Education, Iraq, Iraq
3
Department of Biology,, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University., Iraq
4
Department of Biology,, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iraq
Publication date: 2026-05-29
Corresponding author
Zainab Hussein Mohammed Alhillaw
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(5):952-961
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aim:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Elevated blood glucose levels account for around 11% of cardiovascular fatalities. Dyslipidemia and inflammation, as fundamental pathophysiological characteristics of T2DM, have extensive harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic inflammation is linked to insulin resistance and associated metabolic abnormalities. Aim of this study to find out if a CALLY index and zyxin can be used as new, easy-to-find, and low-cost biomarkers for finding and classifying T2DM people who are more likely to have heart problems like an AMI or stroke early on.
Material and methods:
A total of 60 T2DM patients (30 male and 30 female), along with 30 healthy controls matched by age and BMI between patients and controls. Various biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric methods. Lipid profiles and atherogenic indices such as CALLY index, AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II index were also calculated.
Results:
Results revealed that T2DM patients had significantly higher glucose levels, dyslipidemia, elevated atherogenic indices while decreased zyxin. There was a significant increase in CRP but lymphocyte counts and CALLY index were reduced. Receiver operation characterization (ROC) curve analysis showed that zyxin and CALLY index were the most effective markers for
Conclusions:
diagnosing cardiovascular risk in T2DM. In conclusion, considering the elevated mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to focus on mitigating modifiable risk
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Elevated blood glucose levels account for around 11% of cardiovascular fatalities. Dyslipidemia and inflammation, as fundamental pathophysiological characteristics of T2DM, have extensive harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Chronic inflammation is linked to insulin resistance and associated metabolic abnormalities. Aim of this study to find out if a CALLY index and zyxin can be used as new, easy-to-find, and low-cost biomarkers for finding and classifying T2DM people who are more likely to have heart problems like an AMI or stroke early on.
Material and methods:
A total of 60 T2DM patients (30 male and 30 female), along with 30 healthy controls matched by age and BMI between patients and controls. Various biochemical and inflammatory markers were assessed using ELISA and colorimetric methods. Lipid profiles and atherogenic indices such as CALLY index, AIP, CRI-I, and CRI-II index were also calculated.
Results:
Results revealed that T2DM patients had significantly higher glucose levels, dyslipidemia, elevated atherogenic indices while decreased zyxin. There was a significant increase in CRP but lymphocyte counts and CALLY index were reduced. Receiver operation characterization (ROC) curve analysis showed that zyxin and CALLY index were the most effective markers for
Conclusions:
diagnosing cardiovascular risk in T2DM. In conclusion, considering the elevated mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to focus on mitigating modifiable risk
| eISSN: | 2719-342X |
| ISSN: | 0043-5147 |
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