Aim:
Aim of the study is analysis of results of diagnostic studies in patients with diseases of thyroid complicated by tracheal compression syndrome which were operated on urgent and immediate indications.

Material and methods:
The study comprised 167 patients, who were admitted to the clinic of State University «Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V. T. Zaitsev National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine» with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome. All the patients were operated on by urgent and immediate indications. Condition of thyroid and residual tissue were assessed with the help of ultrasound examination, elastography, gland function according to the level of hormones, the results of histological examination and immunohistochemical studies were also taken into account.

Results:
The conducted immunohistochemical studies proved presence of three stages of proliferative activity of the thyroid gland; correlation was established between the characteristics of elastography and markers of proliferative activity. Further tactics of patient’s management depends on determination of type of elastogram and degree of proliferative activity of thyroid tissue: referral for dynamic observation or surgical treatment with the selection of the scope of surgical intervention including minimally invasive one.

Conclusions:
Diagnostic measures in patients with thyroid diseases complicated by tracheal compression syndrome are aimed first of all at receiving comprehensive data on patient’s actual condition and disease to determine optimal treatment tactics and decrease the level of postoperative complications and lethality in surgical interventions performed by urgent and immediate indications.