Aim: To content analysis the problem of thyroid disorders and thyroid gland pathology among adults in Ukraine and Ternopil region. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted during 2021–2025 in several stages on the base of scientific literature about endocrine system disorders. At the theoretical stage, the state of problem development in the scientific literature of oiodine deficiency was studied. 75 scientific papers were used for the analysis, which were searched for using the following keywords: goitre, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, thyroiditis, iodine deficiency. Statistical data was also collected and analyzed on the incidence of iodine deficiency disorders among the adult population of Ukraine, particularly in the Ternopil region. International manuscripts and articles on the problem of oiodine deficiency diseases were studied also, such as: Diffuse goitre, Nodular goitre, Hypothyroidism, Postoperative hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyroiditis; Ukraininan experience was analyzed and generalized. Conclussions: The reason for iodine deficiency is the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and negative state of the environment due to a natural deficienc of iodine and other elements. The scientific report shows the need to inform about preventive and health-improving measures among the adult population, depending on regional characteristics.