Inflammatory cytokines as risk factor of septic shock in patients with sepsis
1
Doctoral Study Program of Medical and Health Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia
2
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia
3
Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, Indonesia
Submission date: 2026-04-14
Final revision date: 2026-07-03
Acceptance date: 2026-07-15
Publication date: 2026-09-30
Corresponding author
Banundari Rachmawati
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, Semarang, Indonesia
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, Semarang, Indonesia
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(9):2053-2064
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Aim:
To prove pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as risk factors of septic shock in patients with sepsis
Material and methods:
This study used a prospective observational study. The target population were sepsis patients who were admitted to the emergency room of Dr Kariadi Hospital. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 levels were examined using the ELISA method. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses as well as receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to predict septic shock.
Results:
Patients with septic shock had higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 compared to those with sepsis. Multivariate analysis results showed that IL-6 and IL-10 were independent risk factors for septic shock. IL-6 level ≥11.4 ng/ml had an OR of 7.02, CI 95% 1.78-27.70 (p = 0.005), and IL-10 level had an OR of 3.89, CI 95% 1.13-13.45 (p = 0.031), as risk factors for septic shock.shock.
Conclusions:
IL-6 and IL-10 are risk factors of septic shock in sepsis. Meanwhile, TNF-α and IL-4 levels are not associated with shock in sepsis.
To prove pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as risk factors of septic shock in patients with sepsis
Material and methods:
This study used a prospective observational study. The target population were sepsis patients who were admitted to the emergency room of Dr Kariadi Hospital. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 levels were examined using the ELISA method. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses as well as receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to predict septic shock.
Results:
Patients with septic shock had higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 compared to those with sepsis. Multivariate analysis results showed that IL-6 and IL-10 were independent risk factors for septic shock. IL-6 level ≥11.4 ng/ml had an OR of 7.02, CI 95% 1.78-27.70 (p = 0.005), and IL-10 level had an OR of 3.89, CI 95% 1.13-13.45 (p = 0.031), as risk factors for septic shock.shock.
Conclusions:
IL-6 and IL-10 are risk factors of septic shock in sepsis. Meanwhile, TNF-α and IL-4 levels are not associated with shock in sepsis.
| eISSN: | 2719-342X |
| ISSN: | 0043-5147 |
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