Objective: This review aimed to summarize current knowledge regarding overweight and obesity as chronic diseases. The health, social, and economic consequences were assessed. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities available in primary care practice were presented. Materials and Methods: This work is a narrative review. Literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of overweight and obesity was analyzed. Current guidelines from scientific societies were considered. Randomized trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Publications with significant clinical relevance were selected. Results: Obesity is a multifactorial disease that leads to metabolic and cardiovascular complications. It increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and malignancies and impairs quality of life. The cornerstone of treatment is lifestyle modification, including caloric reduction and increased physical activity. In selected cases, pharmacotherapy or surgical intervention may be indicated. Acupuncture may serve as an adjunctive therapy. Conclusions: Obesity management requires a comprehensive and individualized approach. Long-term monitoring of treatment outcomes is essential. Primary care physicians play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of this condition.