Plastic surgery, encompassing both reconstructive and aesthetic procedures, is a field of medicine that not only enhances patients' external appearance but also significantly impacts their psychological well-being. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychological consequences of plastic surgery, considering the effects of such interventions on self-esteem, self-worth, quality of life, and the potential risks associated with aesthetic procedures. Research indicates that procedures such as breast augmentation or rhinoplasty can lead to significant improvements in body image perception, increased self-confidence, and enhanced social and professional functioning. However, plastic surgery also carries potential risks, particularly for patients with psychological disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder or eating disorders, where the aesthetic outcomes may not meet expectations, potentially leading to a deterioration in mental health. A critical factor in preventing adverse effects is the careful selection of patients and the conduct of a thorough psychological assessment, which allows for the evaluation of realistic expectations and the identification of potential risks associated with surgery. This study emphasizes the necessity of a holistic approach to patient care, which considers both physical and psychological aspects, to ensure optimal and long-term therapeutic outcomes in plastic surgery.