Aim: To study the peculiarities of energy metabolism in full-term newborns with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Methods: It was conducted the comprehensive examination of 30 full-term newborns with signs of neonatal jaundice (main group) and 30 healthy infants (control group). It was determined the level of lactate, pyruvate and lactate/pyruvate ratio in the blood serum; in the bloods lymphocytes – level of Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase (GPDH), Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase (NADH-D), Aerobic Respiration Rate (AR) and Electronic Transport Chain coefficient (ETC). Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using STATISTICA (Version 10) software, MedCalc Software (Version 16.1). Results: Newborns of main group – in comparison to control group was defined: statistically significant lower lactate and pyruvate levels with statistically higher lactate/pyruvate ratio (53.62 ± 6.49 and 29.02 ± 9.87, p < 0.0001 respectively); statistically significant lower GPDH, SDH and NADH-D activities; statistically significant lower ETC coefficient (14.58 ± 3.56 and 21.13 ± 1.51 a.u., p < 0.0001 respectively) with statistically significant higher AR coefficie (13.22 ± 9.13 and 8.42 ± 3.29 a.u., p = 0.0102 respectively). Conclusions: Full-term newborns with signs of pathological hyperbilirubinemia have significant disruptions in the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic energy processes in comparison to healthy infants. The higher discriminatory ability level was defined in diagnostic model using ETC coefficient (cut-off level ≤ 19.48, AUC 0.918; 95 % CI 0.841; 0.966, p < 0.0001, sensitivity 92.45 %, specificity 91.67 %).