Aim: The aim of our research was to investigate the regional features of the prevalence of risk factors for the occurrence of orthodontic pathology among the children’s population of Poltava. Materials and Methods: sociological, forecasting, bibliosemantic, analytical, medical-statistical. Materials: results of examination by a pediatric dentist of schoolchildren of different age groups (406 children), results of a questionnaire of parents of examined schoolchildren of different age groups (406 respondents). Results: In our study, using the method of simple logistic regression, regional features of the prevalence of risk factors associated with the occurrence of orthodontic pathology were identified: the chances of detecting orthodontic pathology increase with the use of a pacifier, somatic morbidity in the first year of life (dysbacteriosis, rickets), the presence of caries in the child (complicated caries), the removal of permanent teeth due to caries, concomitant diseases (otorhinolaryngological pathology) in the child, the presence of heredity (orthodontic pathology in the family), and occupational hazards during the mother’s pregnancy. Conclusions: The identified risk factors for orthodontic pathology are mostly modifiable, that is, they are amenable to correction. Therefore, it is extremely necessary for pediatricians, family doctors and pediatric dentists to carry out both preventive measures to prevent the negative impact of these factors, and explanatory work with parents of children, who must be aware of the importance and necessity of prevention.