Aim: To assess the significance of medical and psychophysiological indicators in the selection of police. Materials and Methods: The study is based on a comprehensive comparative, analytical, and content review of modern approaches to the professional psychophysiological selection of police officers in international practice and in Ukraine. A systematic literature search was conducted across the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for publications profile spanning from 2010 to 2025 inclusive. Out of 87 initially identified scientific publications, 41 sources met the strict inclusion criteria (focus on psychophysiological screening, cognitive testing, and law enforcement selection systems) and were selected for final detailed scientific analysis. Conclusions: The introduction of modern assessment technologies reduces the risks of professional maladaptation and supports the development of high-quality human resource potential within law enforcement agencies. A systemic approach to evaluating psychophysiological indicators is therefore essential for improving the overall efficiency and safety of police service.